Mosquito Control

Peter Ryan Staff
Funding
Collaborators
Student Projects
Key Publications
Go to Glossary

Lab Head: Dr Peter Ryan

The control of mosquitoes and arboviruses such as dengue and Ross River involves integration of entomology, virology, immunology, health systems research and the social sciences. Sustainable solutions will only come after ecological understanding of transmission patterns coupled with the insight into how those affected might react to these problems.

Our laboratory, designated by the World Health Organization as an official global Collaborating Centre for Environmental Management for Vector Control, specialises in designing new mosquito surveillance and control strategies. We are part of the Australian Centre for International and Tropical Health linked to the University of Queensland and the School of Population Health.

Our brief covers mosquito-transmitted arboviruses such as Ross River, Barmah Forest, Japanese encephalitis and dengue. We have strong collaborative linkages with research groups in Vietnam with respect to delivery of innovative solutions against the global dengue (dengue haemorrhagic fever) catastrophe, with Queensland Health and other Australian researchers with respect to all of these viruses and with Local Government who have the responsibility for mosquito control.

Recent major achievements include:

The first eradication of dengue vectors from northern Vietnam using biological control and community participation
Discovery that subterranean breeding of mosquitoes is of high importance to their survival during winter and dry seasons, and the design of a control strategy
Implication of grey-headed flying foxes and brushtail possums and several mosquito species as being important to Ross River virus transmission
Development of computer-based geographical information systems (coupled with spatial statistics) to define zonal risk of Ross River and Barmah Forest virus diseases in Queensland.

Ecology and control of arboviral diseases Geographic information systems and spatial statistical techniques are used to study the interaction between arboviruses and their arthropod vectors and vertebrate hosts. For Australian arboviruses such as Ross River virus and Barmah Forest virus, definition of locally important vector species and risk of human disease are two priority research areas. For internationally important viruses such as dengue, we are targeting research and control efforts towards Aedes aegypti, the principal vector. We are interested in defining the relationship between Ae. aegypti abundance and risk of human infection - what level of Ae. aegypti control is required to prevent dengue epidemics? We are also committed to the development of sustainable community based control methods and the use of Mesocyclops as a biological control agent against Ae. aegypti. The World Health Organization recognises that water resource development and management contributes to the proliferation of dengue and other water related vector borne diseases by increasing mosquito breeding sites in infrastructure such as water storage jars, water tanks and wells. In Vietnam, the contribution of new water infrastructure to dengue risk was demonstrated during the AusAID-funded Community Programs in Dengue Control, Phase 2 (2000-2003), described in a recent publication in the American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene [PMID: 15728869]. In Khanh Hoa Province in central Vietnam, 92% of dengue mosquito production was in 2000-litre UNICEF jars. A community based control program incorporating Mesocyclops as a biological control agent against Ae. aegypti was implemented with support from health agencies. QIMR scientists are involved in a new five-year (from Oct 2005) AusAID funded project which aims to reduce dengue risk in rural areas in southern Vietnam that are receiving new water supply infrastructure as part of the Cuu Long Delta Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Project. This project, in collaboration with Centre for Water Supply and Sanitation (CERWASS) and the Administration of Preventive Medicine in Vietnam, and the Australian Foundation for the Peoples of Asia and the Pacific, will establish broad inter-sectoral collaboration to devise, trial and refine new approaches to dengue control. This will incorporate health impact assessments to monitor the impact of water supply infrastructure on dengue transmission risk, and if necessary, develop interventions at different stages of water infrastructure development to mitigate water-related dengue risk. This project will maximise the benefits of water supply programs by ensuring the water they provide is safe from water related vector borne diseases.	Water storage tanks represent major breedingsites for Aedes aegypti, the dengue mosquito, in Vietnam Dengue control projects in Vietnam incorporate health impact assessments to monitor the impact of water supply infrastructure on dengue transmission risk.
Dr Michelle Gatton - Research Officer Mathematical modelling of arboviral diseases Determination of the environmental factors influencing the transmission of arboviral diseases is fundamental to effective control. Statistical analysis of disease notification data provides an opportunity to quantify disease risk throughout a region, and also identify periods of increased transmission activity. Mathematical modelling and spatial statistics are used within the laboratory to investigate the role that environmental factors play in determining the overall disease prevalence, and also the occurrence of extreme transmission events. As a result of this type of analysis, staff within the laboratory have developed an early detection system for Ross River virus in Queensland. This system has been implemented via an interactive website which is available to local governments and other authorised users, allowing them to monitor disease activity and detect outbreaks in a timely manner.	Ross River virus disease in Brisbane selected years
Dr Tim Hurst - Research Officer Local Government mosquito control Scientists from the Mosquito Control Laboratory work with government and industry representatives, primarily through the Mosquito and Arbovirus Research Committee (MARC) Inc. , a consortium of 20 Local Government and industry members in Qld and Vic. As a MARC Scientist, Tim's role is to conduct high quality scientific research that will result in better mosquito control and the prevention of human diseases. This is achieved through improved ecological understanding and operational management of mosquito control issues. Tim is currently investigating a contemporary method of controlling mosquitoes at the household level. Commonly referred to as a 'barrier' or 'harbourage' treatment the method involves the application of a pyrethroid insecticide to exposed surfaces around the property where mosquitoes may rest, creating a potentially long lasting, residual insecticidal barrier between the mosquito and human populations. Tim is also collaborating with the University of Melbourne, the University of South Australia, Queensland Health and Brisbane City Council, on a project designed to predict the spread of insect disease vectors under climate change.	QIMR scientists work with Local Government mosquito control professionals to develop better control methods for saltmarsh mosquitoes
Dr Leon Hugo – Research Officer Age structure of Australian vectors, with particular reference to saltmarsh mosquitoes Mosquito control strategies, arbovirus disease epidemiology and investigations into basic mosquito biology would be better served by an understanding of mosquito survival characteristics. Current methods of studying mosquito survival are limited by inaccurate and prohibitively difficult methods of predicting the age of individual mosquitoes. Dr Leon Hugo is investigating new methods for mosquito age predictions based on gene expression profiles. Evaluations are being made of a method of age grading mosquitoes based on gene transcriptional profiles, a method recently developed between the University of Queensland and the Mosquito Control Laboratory. In collaboration with the Venomics Laboratory, QIMR, we are characterising proteomic changes in mosquitoes with age to identify new age markers.	Graph indicating the change in abundance of C₂₅H₃₂ relative to C₂₉H₆₀ in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes at different ages.
Dr Jason Jeffery - Research Officer Biological and community based control of dengue vectors in Vietnam QIMR scientists, in collaboration with the Administration of Preventive Medicine and the Centre for Water Supply and Sanitation in Vietnam, and the Australian Foundation for the Peoples of Asia and the Pacific, are involved in a new five-year (from Oct 2005) AusAID funded project which aims to reduce dengue risk in rural areas in southern Vietnam that are receiving new water supply infrastructure as part of the Cuu Long Delta Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Project. This project will establish whether rural water supply infrastructure is associated with increased risk of dengue transmission, and if necessary, mitigate this risk through design modification and the implementation of biological control using predacious Mesocyclops and a range of community activities. Jason is also involved in the Grand Challenges in Global Health project: Modifying mosquito population age structure to eliminate dengue transmission http://www.mosquitoage.org/, headed by Prof Scott O'Neill at the School of Integrative Biology at the University of Queensland. Field activities in central Vietnam will establish the prevalence of naturally occurring Wolbachia endosymbionts in mosquito populations, and will involve trials of new methods for age-grading methods to monitor the age structure of medically important mosquito species, in particular the global dengue vector - Aedes aegypti. These projects aim to alleviate the burden of dengue in Vietnam where there have been more than 700,000 dengue cases, mainly in children and young adults, over the last 10 years.	Dengue Incidence 1977-2005
Dr Jonathan Darbro - Research Officer Evaluation of entomopathogenic fungi for biological control of mosquitoes With the global increase in mosquito-borne diseases such as dengue and malaria, coupled with the risk of insecticide resistance, research into alternative methods of mosquito control is critical. Jon is assessing entomopathogenic fungi, particularly Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae, as candidates for control of Aedes aegypti. Fungi could reduce pathogen transmission not only by reducing mosquito longevity, but also by reducing mosquito blood feeding behaviour, fecundity and vector competence for dengue. Jon is evaluating the potential of fungus for mosquito control in collaboration with CSIRO, University of Queensland, James Cook University and Penn State University.	Aedes aegypti mosquito killed by infection with the fungus Beauveria bassiana
Clara Cheah - Research Assistant Prevalence of naturally occurring Wolbachia endosymbionts in mosquitos in Vietnam Clara is working with Dr Jason Jeffery on the Grand Challenges in Global Health project: Modifying mosquito population age structure to eliminate dengue transmission http://www.mosquitoage.org/, headed by Prof Scott O'Neill at the School of Integrative Biology at the University of Queensland. Clara is investigating the interaction between Wolbachia and arboviruses in mosquito vectors.
James Monkman - Research Assistant James Monkman is working with Dr Leon Hugo towards characterising proteomic changes in mosquitoes with age. Age responsive proteins and peptides have been identified using 2D gel electrophoresis followed by mass spectroscopy at the Proteomics Facility, QIMR. Further characterisation of changes to the mosquito proteome is taking place, including the identification of post-translational protein modifications.
Lance Maddock - Research Assistant Lance will be an integral part of the team working with Dr Tim Hurst on a project designed to predict the spread of insect disease vectors under climate change. In collaboration with the Brisbane City Council, he will be collecting information on the abundance of different types of containers, including rainwater tanks, used to collect rainwater and grey water, to assess their potential to contribute to urban mosquito breeding. Lance will also be actively involved in the collection and identification of adult mosquitoes as part of the project evaluating a contemporary mosquito control method known as a 'barrier treatment'.
Ms Nguyen Hoang Le - Visiting Scientist, National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam Prevalence of naturally occurring Wolbachia endosymbionts in mosquitos in Vietnam Although surveys of Wolbachia infection in mosquitoes have been undertaken in Thailand, and in Europe, Africa and North America, systematic surveys for Wolbachia infections in mosquitoes have not been undertaken in Vietnam. Knowledge of the biogeographical variation in Wolbachia infection rates and inferred susceptibility to infection among different mosquito taxa has fundamental implications for the design and successful application of Wolbachia-based control strategies. We will screen mosquito taxa from the major genera (Aedes, Anopheles, Armigeres, Culex, Mansonia) for Wolbachia infection using PCR and general ftsZ bacterial cell cycle gene primers. Species that are positive using ftsZ primers will be typed for Wolbachia strain using primers designed from the Wolbachia outer surface protein gene, wsp. This, and additional field data including mosquito population size, age structure and dispersal, will form an important part of the baseline information that will be used to develop a framework for future implementation of a Wolbachia-based control program as part of the Grand Challenges in Global Health project: Modifying mosquito population age structure to eliminate dengue transmission http://www.mosquitoage.org/.
Billy Lee - Visiting Scientist, Australian Youth Ambassador for Development with the Australian Foundation for Peoples of Asia and the Pacific Ltd., Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam Billy Lee is an Australian Youth Ambassador for Development (AYAD) www.ausaid.gov.au/youtham based in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. QIMR is an Australian Partner Organisation for the AYAD Program, an Australian Government, AusAID initiative, which aims to strengthen mutual understanding between Australia and the countries of the Asia-Pacific region. The AYAD scheme places skilled young Australians into Asia-Pacific countries to work with local counterparts and make positive contributions to development through capacity building and skills exchange. By accessing this scheme as an Australian Partner Organisation, QIMR have partnered with the Australian Foundation for Peoples of Asia and the Pacific Ltd in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, and have benefited from Billy's technical skills in the area of web design and development. Billy is helping to build online decision support systems for dengue surveillance and control in Vietnam. He will also design and implement a website to increase public knowledge about the project. A central part of his assignment will be engaging with project staff to build their capacity to manage and publish the program's research data.
Ramon Shinkfield - Visiting Scientist, Australian Youth Ambassador for Development with the Australian Foundation for Peoples of Asia and the Pacific Ltd., Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam Ramon is an AYAD with specialist skills and expertise in the areas of geographic information systems (GIS) and global positioning systems (GPS). Ramon, is also based in Ho Chi Minh City with AFAP and will help to develop contemporary reporting systems for dengue and other important infectious diseases. This will include training of health staff in the use of smart technologies such as GPS and GIS, and incorporation of these tools into operational surveillance and control programs. As AYADs, Billy and Ramon both aim to share their expertise and skills with Vietnamese project staff and scientists, undertake training activities and workshops, and generally assist with the community development and capacity building components of the AusAID funded dengue control project. Billy and Ramon form important part of QIMR's dengue work in Vietnam and are helping to further expand the outreach activities of QIMR's community-development programs.
Dr Hau Phuc Tran - PhD Student Hau has been undertaking his doctoral research in Vietnam, as part of a large AusAID funded dengue control project with the Australian Foundation for Peoples of Asia and the Pacific and the Vietnam Ministry of Health. Hau has undertaken health impact assessments to monitor the impact of water supply infrastructure on dengue transmission risk. In his most recent work, Hau and Dr Jon Adams, School of Population Health UQ, have been undertaking in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with householders in southern Vietnam to determine their behaviours and understanding with respect to household water storage, usage and risk of dengue disease.
Dr Le Anh Phan Nguyen - PhD Student Le Anh's research (with Dr Archie Clements, School of Population Health, University of Queensland) aims to strengthen the capacity for surveillance and assessment of water supply related dengue risk, including the application of GIS and spatial analysis to extensive house-to-house survey data sets to determine infestation patterns related to water supply infrastructure, and application of sound statistical methodology to clinical data to provide a robust statistical system for epidemic recognition. Her work will form the basis of a web based dengue reporting system to facilitate timely recognition of increased disease activity in Vietnam.
Kay Marshall – Insectary Manager Kay maintains permanent colonies of Aedes vigilax, Aedes notoscriptus, Culex annulirostris, Culex sitiens, Culex quinquefaciatus and Aedes aegypti . These mosquitoes are used in vector competence and virus susceptibility studies, evaluation of pesticides, defining the age structure of mosquito populations and autogeny experiments. Non-target organisms cultured in the insectary include Mesocyclops spp., crustaceans and native freshwater fish, which are used in pesticide susceptibility studies and defining their role as biocontrol agents.	Mosquito sampling trap

Staff

Laboratory Head:	Dr Peter Ryan
Senior Scientific Advisor:	Prof Brian Kay, AM, FAA
Senior Research Officer:	Dr Michelle Gatton
Research Officers:	Dr Leon Hugo Dr Tim Hurst Dr Jason Jeffery Dr Jonathan Darbro
Research Assistants:	Clara Cheah James Monkman Lance Maddock
Visiting Scientist:	Ms Nguyen Hoang Le Billy Lee Ramon Shinkfield
Insectary Manager:	Mrs Kay Marshall
Students:	Dr Tran Phuc Hau Dr Le Anh Phan Nguyen

To see staff contact details, please type name below and hit Enter

Funding

The Mosquito Control Laboratory has an international and national reputation for sound scientific research and the development of innovative approaches to vector and arbovirus disease control. The Mosquito Control Laboratory has therefore obtained excellent research funding from a variety of international organisations, and Australian government (Commonwealth, State and Local) and non-government organisations.

Collaborators

Australian Centre for International and Tropical Health and Nutrition [http://www.sph.uq.edu.au/acithn/]
University of Queensland, School of Integrative Biology [http://www.uq.edu.au/sib]
Australian School of Environmental Studies, Griffith University [http://www.gu.edu.au/school/aes/home.html]
Centre for Environmental Stress and Adaptation Research [http://www.cesar.org.au]
National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Hanoi, Vietnam
Australian Foundation for the Peoples of Asia and the Pacific Limited (AFAP) [http://www.afap.org/]
Mosquito and Arbovirus Research Committee Inc.[http://marc.qimr.edu.au]
Queensland Health
Local Governments:
Gold Coast City Council, Logan City Council, Redland Shire Council, Brisbane City Council, Caboolture Shire Council, Pine Rivers Shire Council, Redcliffe City Council, The City of Greater Geelong, Tweed Shire Council, Beaudesert Shire Council, Ipswich Shire Council, Caloundra City Council, Maroochy Shire Council, Noosa Shire Council, Hervey Bay City Council, Fitzroy Shire Council, Livingstone Shire, Council, Rockhampton City Council, Mackay City Council, and Townsville City Council.

Student Projects

We have exciting projects for honours, masters and doctoral students in the area of vector-borne disease control. If you are bright and want to work in a well-funded environment on important projects, the QIMR Mosquito Control Laboratory is the place for you.

Key Publications

Cook, P.E., Hugo, L.E., Iturbe-Ormaetxe, I., Williams, C.R., Chenoweth, S.F., Ritchie, S.A., Ryan, P.A., Kay, B.H., Blows, M.W., and O'neill, S.L. 2006. The use of transcriptional profiles to predict adult mosquito age under field conditions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 103: 18,060-18065. [pubmed abstract]

Hugo, L.E., Kay, B.H., Eaglesham, G.K., Holling, N. and Ryan, P.A. 2006. Investigation of cuticular hydrocarbons for determining the age and survivorship of Australasian mosquitoes. Am J Trop Med Hyg 74: 462-474. [pubmed abstract]

Hurst, T.P., Kay, B.H., Brown, M.D. and Ryan, P.A. 2006. Laboratory evaluation of the effect of alternative prey and vegetation on predation of Culex annulirostris immatures by Australian native fish species. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 22: 412-417. [pubmed abstract]

Hurst, T.P., Brown, M.D., Kay, B.H. and Ryan, P.A. 2006. Evaluation of Melanotaenia duboulayi (Atheriniformes: Melanotaeniidae), Hypseleotris galii (Perciformes: Eleotridae), and larvicide VectoLex WG (Bacillus sphaericus) for integrated control of Culex annulirostris. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 22: 418-425. [pubmed abstract]

Jeffery, J.A.L., Kay, B.H. and Ryan, P.A. 2006. Role of Verrallina funerea (Diptera: Culicidae) in Transmission of Barmah Forest Virus and Ross River Virus in Coastal Areas of Eastern Australia. J Med Entomol 43: 1239 -1247. [pubmed abstract]

Ryan, P.A., Alsemgeest, D., Gatton, M.L. and Kay, B.H. 2006. Ross River virus disease clusters and spatial relationship with mosquito biting exposure in Redland Shire, Southern Queensland, Australia. J Med Entomol 43: 1042-1059. [pubmed abstract]

Gatton ML, Kay BH, and Ryan PA. 2005. Environmental predictors of Ross River virus disease outbreaks in Queensland, Australia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 72: 792-799. [pubmed abstract]

Kay B, Vu SN. 2005. New strategy against Aedes aegypti in Vietnam. Lancet 365: 613-617. [PMID: 15708107] [pubmed abstract]

Quinn HE, Gatton ML, Hall G, Young M, and Ryan PA. 2005. Analysis of Barmah Forest virus disease activity in Queensland, Australia, 1993 - 2003: identification of a large isolated outbreak of disease. J Med Entomol 42: 882-890. [pubmed abstract]

Jeffery JAL, Kay BH, and Ryan PA. 2005. Development time and survival of Verrallina funerea (Theobald) (Diptera: Culicidae) immatures and other brackish water mosquito species in southeast Queensland, Australia. Aust J Entomol 44: 226-232.

Knox T, Nam VS, Yen NT, Kay B, and Ryan P. 2005. Optimising surveillance for dengue vector immatures in large water storage containers in Vietnam. Arbovirus Res Aust 9: 184-187. Je

Breitfuss M, Hurst T, Ryan P, and Kay B. 2005. Practical freshwater mosquito control: defining productive habitats and implementing effective control strategies. Arbovirus Res Aust 9: 52-57.

Hurst T, Ryan P, Brown M, and Kay B. 2005. Fishing for a mosquito control agent. Arbovirus Res Aust 9: 143-146.

Jeffery J, Foley D, Kay B, and Ryan P. 2005. Know thine enemy - biology of brackish-water vectors in Maroochy Shire, Queensland. Arbovirus Res Aust 9: 153-158.

Hugo L, Eaglesham G, Holling N, Kay B, and Ryan P. 2005. Mosquito age grading techniques: old versus new. Arbovirus Res Aust 9: 137-142.

Gatton M, Kay B, and Ryan P. 2005. Ross River virus outbreaks in south east Queensland: what notification data can tell us. Arbovirus Res Aust 9: 122-125.

Hugo LE, Kay BH, Eaglesham GK, Holling N, and Ryan PA. 2005. Investigation of cuticular hydrocarbons for determining the age and survivorship of Australasian mosquitoes. Am J Trop Med Hyg [pubmed abstract] Gatton ML, Kay BH, Ryan PA. 2005. Environmental predictors of Ross River virus disease outbreaks in Queensland, Australia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 72: 792-799. [pubmed abstract]

Vu SN, Nguyen TY, Tran VP, Truong UN, Le QM, Le VL, Le TN, Bektas A, Briscombe A, Aaskov JG, Ryan PA, Kay BH. 2005. Elimination of dengue by community programs using Mesocyclops (Copepoda) against Aedes aegypti in central Vietnam. Am J Trop Med Hyg 72: 67-73. [pubmed abstract]

Kay B, and Vu SN. 2005. New strategy against Aedes aegypti in Vietnam. Lancet 365: 613-617. [pubmed abstract]

Gatton M, Kelly-Hope L, Kay B and Ryan P. 2004. Spatial-temporal analysis of Ross River virus disease patterns in Queensland, Australia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 71:629-635 [pubmed abstract]

Ryan PA, Lyons SA, Alsemgeest D, Thomas P and Kay BH. 2004. Spatial statistical analysis of adult mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) counts: an example using light trap data, in Redland Shire, Southeastern Queensland, Australia. J Med Entomol 41: 1143-56. [pubmed abstract]

Kelly-Hope LA, Purdie DM and Kay BH. 2004. Ross River virus disease in Australia, 1886-1998, with analysis of risk factors associated with outbreaks. J Med Entomol 41: 133-50. [pubmed abstract]

Kelly-Hope LA, Purdie DM, and Kay BH. 2004. Differences in climatic factors between Ross River virus disease outbreak and nonoutbreak years. J Med Entomol 41: 1116-22. [pubmed abstract]

Hurst TP, Brown MD, and Kay BH. 2004. Laboratory evaluation of the predation efficacy of native Australian fish on Culex annulirostris (Diptera: Culicidae). J Am Mosq Control Assoc 20: 286-91. [pubmed abstract]

Nam VS, Ryan PA , Yen NT, Phong TV, Marchand RP, and Kay BH. 2003. Quantitative evaluation of funnel traps for sampling Aedes aegypti immatures from water storage jars. J Am Mosquito Control Assoc 19: 220-227 [pubmed abstract]

Hugo LE, Kay BH, and Ryan PA. 2003. Autogeny in Ochlerotatus vigilax (Diptera: Culicidae) from south east Queensland, Australia. J Med Entomol 40: 897-902 [pubmed abstract]

Knox TB, Kay BH, Hall RA, and Ryan PA. 2003. Enhanced vector competence of Aedes aegypti from the Torres Strait compared to mainland Australia for dengue 2 and dengue 4 viruses. J Med Entomol 40: 950-956 [pubmed abstract]

Russell TL, Brown MD, Prudie DM, Ryan PA and Kay BH. 2003. Efficacy of Vectobac (Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis) formulations for mosquito control in Australia. J Econ Entomol 96: 1786-1791 [pubmed abstract]

Boyd, A.M., and Kay, B.H. 2002. Assessment of the potential of dogs and cats as urban reservoirs of Ross River and Barmah Forest viruses. Aust Vet J 80: 83-6 [pubmed abstract]

Brown, M.D., Carter, J., Thomas, D., Purdie, D.M., and Kay, B.H. 2002. Pulse-exposure effects of selected insecticides to juvenile Australian crimson-spotted rainbowfish (Melanotaenia duboulayi). J Econ Entomol 95: 294-8 [pubmed abstract]

Kay, B.H., and Jennings, C.D. 2002. Enhancement or modulation of the vector competence of Ochlerotatus vigilax (Diptera: Culicidae) for Ross River virus by temperature. J. Med. Entomol. 39: 99-105 [pubmed abstract]

Kay, B.H., Lyons, S.A., Holt, J.S., Holynska, M., and Russell B.M. 2002. Point source inoculation of Mesocyclops (Copepoda: Cyclopidae) gives widespread control of Ochlerotatus and Aedes (Diptera: Culicidae) immatures in service manholes and pits in north Queensland, Australia. J Med Entomol 39: 469-74 [pubmed abstract]

Kay, B.H., Nam, V.S., Tien, T.V., Yen, N.T., Phong, T.V., Diep, V.T., Ninh, T.U., Bektas, A., and Aaskov, J.G. 2002. Control of Aedes vectors of dengue in three provinces of Vietnam by use of Mesocyclops (Copepoda) and community-based methods validated by entomologic, clinical, and serological surveillance. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2002 66: 40-8 [pubmed abstract]

Kay, B.H., Ryan, P.A., Lyons, S.A., Foley, P.N., Pandeya, N., Purdie, D. 2002. Winter intervention against Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) larvae in subterranean habitats slows surface recolonization in summer. J Med Entomol 39: 356-61 [pubmed abstract]

Kelly-Hope, L.A., Kay, B.H., Purdie, D.M., and Williams, G.M. 2002. The risk of Ross River and Barmah Forest virus disease in Queensland: implications for New Zealand. Aust NZ J Public Health 26: 69-77 [pubmed abstract]

Russell, B.M., Mcbride, W.J., Mullner, H., and Kay B.H. 2002. Epidemiological significance of subterranean Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) breeding sites to dengue virus infection in Charters Towers, 1993. J Med Entomol 39: 143-5 [pubmed abstract]

Boyd, A.M., Hall, R.A., Gemmell, R.T., and Kay B.H. 2001. Experimental infection of Australian brushtail possums, Trichosurus vulpecula (Phalangeridae: Marsupialia), with Ross River and Barmah Forest viruses by use of a natural mosquito vector system. Am J Trop Med Hyg 65: 777-82 [pubmed abstract]

Brown, M.D., Carter, J., Watson, T.M., Thomas, P., Santaguliana, G., Purdie, D.M., and Kay, B.H. 2001. Evaluation of liquid Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis products for control of Australian Aedes arbovirus vectors. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 17: 8-12 [pubmed abstract]

Kay, B.H. and Farrow, R.A. 2000. Mosquito (Diptera: Culicidae) dispersal: implications for the epidemiology of Japanese and Murray Valley encephalitis viruses in Australia. J Med Entomol 37:797-801. [pubmed abstract]

Kay, B.H., Ryan, P.A., Russell, B.M., Holt, J.S., Lyons, S.A., Foley, P.N. 2000. The importance of subterranean mosquito habitat to arbovirus vector control strategies in north Queensland, Australia. J Med Entomol 37: 846-53 [pubmed abstract]

Nam, V.S., Yen, N.T., Holynska, M., Reid, J.W., and Kay, B.H. 2000. National progress in dengue vector control in Vietnam: survey for Mesocyclops (Copepoda), Micronecta (Corixidae), and fish as biological control agents. Am J Trop Med Hyg 62: 5-10 [pubmed abstract]

Muir, L.E. and Kay, B.H. 1998. Aedes aegypti survival and dispersal estimated by mark-release-recapture in northern Australia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 58:277-282. [pubmed abstract]

Ryan, P., Martin, L., Mackenzie, J.S. and Kay, B.H. 1997. Investigation of Gray-headed flying foxes, Pteropus poliocephalus (Megachiroptera: Pteropodidae) and mosquitoes in the ecology of Ross River virus in Australia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 57:476-482. [pubmed abstract]